“Quando me dói a cabeça já sei, tenho as tensões muito altas”.

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“Quando me dói a cabeça já sei, tenho as tensões muito altas”.

A relação entre a dor de cabeça e a hipertensão arterial (HTA) tem sido falada ao longo de muitos anos e continua a ser motivo de grande preocupação para os nossos doentes.

A ideia que ainda prevalece advém dos tempos em que HTA grave, não tratada, era muito mais elevada e os conhecimentos sobre esta doença ainda muito incipientes.

Apesar dos enormes avanços terapêuticos que se  fizeram sentir no ultimos anos, estima-se que 40% dos portugueses adultos que sofrem de HTA, menos de metade estejam medicados e só 11% bem controlados.

A prevalência de hipertensão arterial aumenta com a idade, rondando os 60% a partir dos 60 anos e cerca de 75% acima dos 75 anos. O problema central nesta questão, é, muito claro:  tanto a dor de cabeça quanto a HTA são muito comuns, sendo que a probabilidade de muitos hipertensos se queixarem de cefaleias é muito elevada sem haver, obrigatoriamente, uma relação causa e efeito. Além disso, as pessoas que apresentam dor de cabeça têm maior tendência de verificar os seus valores de tensão arterial  e maior probabilidade de procurar atendimento médico, recorrendo muitas vezes ao serviço de urgência.

A HTA é uma doença crónica que raramente provoca sintomas. A raridade de sintomas nesta doença faz com que a HTA seja efetivamente um assassino silencioso, que vai acabar por lesar o coração e outros órgãos vitais (cérebro e rins) podendo provocar, ao fim de vários anos, complicações muito graves. Existe porém ainda a ideia que a ocorrência de cefaleias, sangramento nasal ou da conjuntiva ocular pode ter origem na pressão arterial elevada. Dizia-me há dias uma doente: “Ainda bem que sangrei do nariz, imagine se fosse no cérebro”. Obviamente que este pensamento provoca muita preocupação e agrava muitíssimo o estado físico e emocional do doente.

Embora uma verdadeira “cefaléia hipertensiva” possa existir, em particular, nos doentes com retinopatia hipertensiva e hipertensão maligna, ela é bastante rara e na grande maioria dos casos pode ser atribuída à ansiedade associada à medição dos valores da TA

Não quero com isto dizer que devemos desvalorizar o tratamento da HTA, antes pelo contrário. Os doentes com HTA têm maior risco de morte e de desenvolvimento de  insuficiência cardíaca, acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC), enfarte do miocárdio e insuficiência renal. A adoção de um estilo de vida saudável previne o aparecimento desta doença e seu tratamento reduz risco de vir a desenvolver complicações.

Fique com este conselho: meça as suas tensões em casa apenas nas situações de repouso e bem-estar. Faça 3 medições consecutivas, separadas 30 segundos e mostre esses valores ao seu médico, pois vai ajudá-lo com os registos corretamente realizados.

Artigo de Prof. Ovídio Costa
Cardiologista
Professor da Faculdade de Medicina da U.P.

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